ЁЯФЖFamily Structure in India:
ЁЯФЕ India, and the rest of the
subcontinent, is unique as it
accommodates both nuclear and joint
families. A joint family, in which
several generations live together, is
common in India.
☑️ Until recently, joint households were
the norm; however, migration and
urbanisation are rapidly changing
family structures.
☑️ According to the 2011 census, out of 24.88 crore households, 12.97 crore or 52.1% were nuclear households.
☑️ The dissolution of joint families has made nuclear families increasingly common, changing women’s
relative position in a family and with respect to social security and care for the elderly.
ЁЯФЖ Family structure and position of women
ЁЯФЕ Women in nuclear households enjoy greater decision-making power, greater freedom of movement
outside the house premises and greater participation in jobs.
☑️ Women’s autonomy is differentiated by economic status, caste and household location. E.g. women in
richer joint households have more autonomy in intra-household decision-making but less freedom of
movement outside the home. For women in poorer joint households, it is just the opposite: they have
greater freedom of movement outside the home but less autonomy in intra-household decision-making.
☑️ Geographic location of the household affects women’s autonomy: Women in joint households in
northern India have less autonomy compared to their counterparts in southern India. Interestingly, in the
south, the effects of family structure on women’s autonomy are weaker.
☑️ The division of labour on the basis of sex is a characteristic of traditional family life in India. A woman
was supposed to do all sorts of domestic work such as cooking, cleaning utensils, washing clothes etc.
besides she has to do motherly duties of looking after the children and the interests of all the members of
the family. However, in recent times with the increasing education levels and the economic opportunities
in wake of Globalisation the socio-economic mobility of Indian women has increased
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