E20 Fuel

🔹 About: A type of green fuel which is a blend of 20% of ethanol and gasoline. 

🔹 Present status: The current permissible level of blending is 10% of ethanol though India reached only 5.6% of blending in 2019.

🔹 Benefits

1. To reduce vehicular emissions.

2. To reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, etc.

3. To reduce the oil import bill, thereby saving foreign exchange and boosting energy security.

🔹 Ethanol

1. A biofuel and a common by-product of biomass left by agricultural feedstock such as corn, sugarcane, hemp, potato, etc.

🔹 Green Fuel: aka biofuel, that is distilled from plants and animal materials.

🔹 Types of Green Fuel

1. Bioethanol: It is derived from corn and sugarcane using the fermentation process.

2. Biodiesel: It is derived from vegetable oils like soybean oil or palm oil, vegetable waste oils, and animal fats by a biochemical process called “Transesterification.”

3. Biogas: Produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter like sewage from animals and humans. It is commonly used for heating, electricity and for automobiles.

4. Biobutanol: Produced in the same way as bioethanol i.e. through the fermentation of starch. However, energy content in butanol is the highest among the other gasoline alternatives.

5. Biohydrogen: like biogas, can be produced using a number of processes such as pyrolysis, gasification or biological fermentation.