๐ Time value of money:
The recognition of the time value of money is extremely vital in financial decision making. If the
timing of cash flows is not considered the firm may make decisions which may faulter its
objectives of maximizing the owner’s welfare. The welfare of the owners would be maximised,
when net wealth or net present worth is created from making a financial decision.
๐Compound Value: Interest that is paid both on the initial principal as also on the interest
earned on the initial principal in previous period/s. The interest earned in one period becomes a
part of the principal in the succeeding period.
๐. Present value:
The present value of current cash inflow or outflow is the amount of current cash that is of equivalent desirability, to the decision maker, to a specified amount of cash to be received or paid at a future date.
๐. Reasons for Time value of money:
Three reasons may be attributed to the individual's time preference for money:
Risk
Preference for consumption
Investment opportunities
๐ Annuity: A series of receipts or payments of a fixed amount for a specified number of years.
Alternatively, a pattern of cash flows that is equal in each year, i.e. equal annual cash flows.
๐. Capital budgeting: The process of determining which potential longterm projects are worth undertaking, by comparing their expected discounted cash flows with their internal rates of return.
๐ Capital Budgeting techniques: The following are the capital; budgeting techniques:
Non Discounted cash flow (DCF) criteria
Pay back period (PBP)
Accounting Rate of return
Discounted Cash flow techniques:
Net present value (NPV)
Profitability Index (PI)
Internal rate of return (IRR)
๐. Payback Period: The length of time required to recover the cost of an investment. The payback period of a given investment or project is an important determinant of whether to undertake the position or project, as longer payback periods are typically not desirable for investment position
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