● RTS-S is a vaccine against malaria that has been in development for more than 30 years.
● It is being developed by Walter Reed Institute of Research and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative.
● The vaccine is designed to stop the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite from entering the liver and preventing the subsequent deadly blood stages.
● Till date, it is the only vaccine to reduce malaria in children.However, it doesn’t have high efficacy.
What is R21/Matrix M?
● R21/Matrix M is a modified version of RTS-S.It has been developed by scientists at University of Oxford.Serum Institute of India is manufacturing it.
● The vaccine trial began in 2014-15.The result of the trial has shown a 77% efficacy making it the first vaccine to reach WHO’s goal of at least 75% efficacy.
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