Challenging Words from the Article The Hindu 02-11-2018

1. *Word: Veil (ढकना)*

Pronunciation: veyl/वैल
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning:
a. partially conceal, disguise, or obscure.
Synonyms: cover, hide
Antonyms: unveil, expose, uncover
Use in a Sentence: He made only a veiled reference to international concerns over human rights issues.
2. *Word: Turmoil (खलबली)*

Pronunciation: tur-moil/टर्मॉइल
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.     
Synonyms: disorder, clutter, chaos, mess
Antonyms: calm, peace, structure
Use in a Sentence: His mind was in a state of constant turmoil.
3. *Word: Outburst (प्रकोप)*

Pronunciation: out-burst/आउट्बर्स्ट
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning:
a. a sudden release of strong emotion.
b. a sudden occurrence of a particular activity.
Synonyms: flare-up, blow-up, blaze, attack
Antonyms: harmony, peace
Use in a Sentence: A forceful outburst blew over the garden.
4. *Word: At Loggerheads (असहमत)*

Pronunciation: law-ger-hed/लॉगर्हेड
Part of Speech: Phrase of loggerhead
Meaning: in violent dispute or disagreement.
Synonyms: clashing, quarreling
Antonyms: agreements, understanding
Use in a Sentence: The Prime Minister is at loggerheads with the chairman over public spending.
5. *Word: Encroach (अतिक्रमण करना)*

Pronunciation: en-krohch/एन्क्रोच
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning:
        a. intrude on (a person's territory, rights, personal life, etc.).

        b. advance gradually beyond usual or acceptable limits.

Synonyms: trespass, invade
Antonyms: banish, abstain, keep off
Use in Sentence: The new institutions do not encroach on political power.
6. *Word: Imprudent (अविवेकपूर्ण)*

Pronunciation: im-prood-nt/इम्प्रूडन्ट
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning:
a. not showing care for the consequences of an action; rash.
Synonyms: unwise, injudicious, incautious,
Antonyms: wise, cautious, careful
Use in a Sentence: It was imprudent of you to lend money to a stranger.
7. *Word: Demarcate (निर्धारित करना)*

Pronunciation: dih-mahr-keyt/डिमार्केट
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning:
a. to mark the limits or boundaries of something
b. separate or distinguish from.
Synonyms: delimit, define, restrict, divide
Antonyms: connect, join, align, amalgamate
Use in a Sentence: Transparency will demarcate the value creators and destroyers.
8. *Word: Curtail (कम करना)*

Pronunciation:ker-teyl /कर्टैल
Part of Speech:
Meaning:
       a. reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on.

       b. deprive someone of (something).

Synonyms: shorten, reduce, diminish
Antonyms: extend, prolong, maximize
Use in a Sentence: We must try to curtail our spending.
9. *Word: Wrath (रोष)*

Pronunciation: rahth/रैथ
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: extreme anger.
Synonyms: resentment, outrage, annoyance
Antonyms: happiness, delight, peace
Use in a Sentence: The people feared the wrath of God.
10. *Word: Ratchet up (बढ़ावा)*

Pronunciation: rach-it -up/रैचट अप
Part of Speech: Phrasal verb with Ratchet
Meaning: to increase something over a period of time
Synonyms: surge, boost
Antonyms: decline, drop
Use in a Sentence:  The debate should ratchet up awareness of the problem among members of the general public.
11. *Word: Fraught (व्याकुल)*

Part of Speech: Adjective
Pronunciation: frawt/फ्रॉट
Meaning: causing or affected by anxiety or stress.
Synonyms: anxious, diligent
Antonyms: devoid, calm
Use in a Sentence: Their marriage has been fraught with difficulties.
12. *Word: Undermine (क्षीण करना)*

Pronunciation: uhn-der-mahyn/अन्डर्माइन
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning: lessen the effectiveness, power, or ability of, especially gradually or insidiously.
Synonyms:  threaten, weaken, compromise, diminish
Antonyms: strengthen, bolster, boost
Use in a Sentence: High-income tax can undermine work incentive